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William Bradford Shockley Jr. February 13, — August 12, was an American physicist and inventor. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Shockley was born to American parents in London on February 13, , and was raised in his family's hometown of Palo Alto , California. Shockley was homeschooled up to the age of eight because Shockley's history of violent tantrums.

While a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University , Shockley became a supporter of eugenics. He is known as a controversial Nobel winner. Shockley was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the United States Senate election in California. He ran because he was against the " dysgenic threat " that he believed African-Americans and other groups created.

In the last twenty years of his life, Shockley, who had no degree in genetics , became widely known for his extreme views on race and human intelligence. He was a strong supporter of eugenics.